Nature Environment and Pollution Technology

J. K. Parmar ¹, K. P. Patel ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

A pot-house experiment was carried out at Micronutrient Project, AAU, Anand to study the effect of Cr levels (0, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 mg/kg soil) in presence and absence of amendments (FYM and gypsum) on rice and wheat under rice-wheat sequences on coarse loamy soil with three replications under factorial completely randomized block design. The experimental results indicated the rice grain yield gradually decreased due to direct effect of Cr while residual effect was found beneficial up to Cr20 which improved grain yield of wheat by 15.09 per cent over control. Similarly, rice and wheat grain as well as straw yield were also found enhanced due to direct and residual effect of FYM and gypsum over their corresponding control. The Cr content in grain and straw of rice and wheat significantly increased with increase in Cr levels due to both direct and residual effect of Cr. The highest Cr content was recorded in straw followed by grain in both the crops. The application of farm yard manure (FYM) and gypsum significantly decreased Cr content of rice and wheat grain and straw due to direct and residual effect. The direct and residual effect of gypsum and FYM decreased Cr content of rice grain by 21.31 and 28.30 per cent over corresponding control. The Cr application increased DTPA-Cr of the soil due to direct and residual effect after rice and wheat. The application of amendments significantly decreased DTPA-Cr in the soil after both rice and wheat in the soil over control. The findings, in general, indicated that the toxic effect of Cr on crop could be mitigated more effectively with FYM application and reduce risk of health hazards for human beings and animals. However, the regular monitoring for soil quality is necessary for managing Cr pollution in the soil.

Keywords

Phytotoxicity, Chromium, Rice-wheat Sequence, Gypsum, Farm Yard Manure (FYM).

Full Text

   

J. K. Parmar ¹, K. P. Patel ²

Affiliations
1 Deptt. of Agricultural Chemistry and Soil Science, College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University, Junagadh-362 001, Gujarat, IN
2 Micronutrient Project (ICAR), Anand Agricultural University, Anand, Gujarat, IN

Abstract

A survey was carried out to assess the changes in important soil chemical properties at different depths in soil and fractionation of chromium in soils irrigated with mix industrial effluent waters flowing in Khari channel around area of Nawagam-Vatava region of Gujarat, India. The soils of contaminated area were slightly neutral to alkaline whereas uncontaminated soils showed pH more towards sodicity. The distribution of available P, K and S nutrients in both the soil profiles indicated their build up in surface soil. The accumulation of DTPA-Fe, Mn and Zn were more in contaminated soil, while DTPA-Cu was higher in uncontaminated soil. Further, the soils of contaminated area were more contaminated with heavy metals than uncontaminated soils. The surface soil was more contaminated with Pb, Cd and Cr, while Ni and Co were accumulated more in lower depth. The Cd and Cr showed evenly distribution in uncontaminated soil profile whereas DTPA-Ni, and Co content was comparatively higher in lower depth of the profile. Among different fractions of Cr viz., exchangeable, carbonate, Fe-Mn oxides, organic and residual fraction occupied major portion of the total Cr. However, the content of residual fraction of Cr was more in contaminated than uncontaminated soil. The exchangeable-Cr fraction was found to be the least in both the soils.

Keywords

Contaminated Soils, Soil Properties, Heavy Metals, Profile Distribution.

Full Text